Capital Shape Alphabet Encoding Based Text Steganography

Capital Shape Alphabet Encoding Based Text Steganography A Capital Shape Alphabet Encoding (CASE) Based Text Steganography Approach Dynamic Steganography is the workmanship and study of composing shrouded messages so that nobody, aside from the sender and expected beneficiary, associates the presence with the message. Steganography is a type of security through lack of definition. Steganography calculations utilizes spread media, for example, text, picture, sound and video and so forth to shroud the information. Client depends on change in the structure of these mediums and highlights of the objective medium in such a way as isn't recognizable by human. In this paper we additionally present and assess my commitment to structure the new methodology for text Steganography and named it as CASE (Capital Alphabet Shape Encoding) approach. This methodology is a mix of arbitrary character succession and highlight coding strategy. Watchwords Steganography; highlights; encoding; disentangling; spread content. Steganography implies disguise correspondence. It is gotten from a work by Johannes Trithemus (1462-1516) named Steganographia. The word Steganography originates from Greek and significance of steganography is hidden composition. Steganography is utilized to transmit a message through some harmless transporter for example text, picture, sound or video over a correspondence divert so as to adequately cover the presence of the message. Text steganography is a procedure to shroud the mystery data inside content (for example character based) messages. Text steganography is the most troublesome sort of steganography [1]. Text steganography is considered as troublesome one is because of the absence of excess data in a book document, while there is a great deal of repetition in an image or a sound record, which can be utilized in steganography [1] [2]. For text steganography there are numerous techniques accessible [3] [4]. Some technique change organization of text while some strategy change genuine word to conceal mystery information. Void area is utilized to conceal mystery information, in open space strategies [5], while in syntactic strategy accentuations are utilized to shroud mystery information [5]. In abbreviations strategy [2] and semantic technique [4], genuine word or expression substitution is utilized to shroud mystery information. By utilizing qualities of that specific language information is covered up in Persian/Arabic Text steganography [4] and Hindi Text steganography [6]. In the event that we utilize open space techniques [6] or highlight coding strategy [4] in text steganography, and on the off chance that some way or another configuration of record is changed, at that point it brings about information misfortune. In abbreviations and semantic strategy, which means of data can be changed on the grounds that these strategies utilize real word substitution or accentuation to conceal mystery information. So a strategy is required by which mystery information make due in the wake of changing organization of record and importance of text won't changed. So considering a few issues like arrangement changing, changing significance of mystery information, and so on in existing content steganography techniques; we have proposed new CASE approach for text steganography. We have utilized content highlights of English letters to shroud mystery information. Letters of English letters in order dependent on sort of round shape or bend, vertical and even line are assembled in first methodology. Like a few letters in English language contains sort of close round shape or bend. Like a few letters in English contains just a single consecutive vertical line. In second methodology, we are gathering numbers and images. In CASE order, in light of various content highlights of English letters we sort English letters into eight gatherings. We have examined the usage some current strategies referenced in paper [4] and we have contrasted these techniques and proposed CASE approach. In the proposed CASE approach arbitrariness is utilized yet it helps to g ive greater security to mystery data. For different existing techniques and proposed CASE approach we have estimated number of bytes cover up, time overhead and memory overhead. Our outcomes shows that, extremely less time overhead and memory overhead is required to actualize proposed CASE approach contrasted with existing techniques, and furthermore we can conceal increasingly number of bytes utilizing proposed approach. Required spread content size is likewise little in proposed approach. In this methodology, we acquaint new encoding procedure with conceal the mystery message in spread content. We will call this strategy Capital Alphabet Shape Encoding (CASE). In this strategy each character of discharge message is encoded as 8-piece parallel number after that the equal ASCII character is supplant the first character. In this the left most 0th piece will speak to the letters in order gathering or digit/images gathering (0 incentive for letter set and 1 incentive for digit or images). In the event of letters in order we made eight gatherings of English letters dependent on highlights of letters. While making bunch we think about just Capital letters of English letter set. The left generally first, second, third piece of 8 piece number speaks to the gathering number. The following fourth piece will speak to the sentence instance of letter. In the event that it is 1, than it speaks to capitalized letter and if its 0 than letter will be lower case letter. Table I, II, III shows eight piece encoding arrangement of letter sets, digits and images. In this methodology all letters in order are partitioned into gatherings and each letter set has its situation in comparing gathering. This position will speak to the last three piece of 8-piece number. By utilizing this methodology, we can shroud every one of the eight bits of one letter of mystery message into each letter of spread content in turn. Table1. 8-Bit encoding position if there should be an occurrence of letters in order 0th piece first piece second piece third piece fourth piece fifth piece sixth piece seventh piece Letters in order (0) Gathering no. Case Gathering position in letters in order Group. Table2. 8-Bit encoding design if there should be an occurrence of digit 0th piece first piece second piece third piece fourth piece fifth piece sixth piece seventh piece digit (1) Gathering Position in Digit Group Continuously 0 Continuously 0 Continuously 0 Table3. 8-Bit encoding position in the event of images 0th piece first piece second piece third piece fourth piece fifth piece sixth piece seventh piece Image (1) Continuously 0 Continuously 0 Continuously 0 Gathering Position in Symbol Group. As appeared in Table1, in first gathering, we incorporate neither those letters which have round shape or any bend and nor vertical and flat straight line. We can utilize any letter from this gathering to conceal 000 piece. Possibility for this gathering are V, W, X, Y. In second gathering, we incorporate those letters which have a couple of vertical straight line. We can utilize any letter from this gathering to shroud 001 piece. Contender for this gathering are K, M and N. In the third gathering, we incorporate those letters which have just at least one level straight line. We can utilize any letter from this gathering to conceal 010 piece. Contender for this gathering are An and Z. In forward gathering, we incorporate those letters which have both one and more than one straight vertical and flat line. We can utilize any letter from this gathering to shroud 011 piece. Contender for this gathering are E, F, H, I, L and T. In fifth gathering, we incorporate those gathering, we incorporate those letters which have just bend or round shape. We can utilize any letter from this gathering to conceal 100bit. Possibility for this gathering are C, O, Q, S and U. In 6th gathering, we incorporate those letters which have both bend and straight vertical line. We can utilize any letter from this gathering to conceal 101bit. Possibility for this gathering are B, D, P and R. In seventh gathering, we incorporate those letters which have bend and straight flat line. We can utilize any letter from this gathering to shroud 110 piece. Possibility for this gathering is G. In last yet not the least eighth gathering, we incorporate those letters which have bend, and both straight vertical and level line. We can utilize any letter from this gathering to shroud 111 piece. Possibility for this gathering is J. For instance in the event that the mystery letter is H, at that point by utilizing CASE approach it will be encoded as 00111010 and its ASCII proportional is 58 which is given by :. In the wake of encoding, presently letter : will be stirred up with the spread content. What's more, this letter will conceals all the 8 bits of unique letter H into spread content. 2.1. Concealing the Message In the CASE text transcription approach, first we encode all the characters of the mystery message with new proposed encoding procedure which depends on the state of the letters in order characters. Second we conceal this message with the spread content by blending it in with the substance of spread content, for example first we encode the mystery character and afterward we perform procedure of finding what could be compared to the 8-piece arrangement of the mystery character and shroud it with the substance of spread content. To conceal it or implant it with the spread content, we made another method. In this method we encode the initial three letter of the spread content by utilizing CASE approach and afterward tally the bits having esteem 1. This tally esteem is the key an incentive for concealing the information. In the wake of computing the key worth message is stirred up, one character of message comes after key number character of spread content and this procedure of implanting are rehashed until entire message is covered up in the spread content. For usage of CASE approach we create two calculations for covering up and recovering which are executed in JSP utilizing NetBeans IDE. 3.1. Pseudo code for message stowing away Method CASE_steno_hide (String msg, String covertext) begain; For i=0 to msg.length() ch=msg(i); encode_msg=encode_msg+char(encode(ch)); End For key_msg=covertext.substring(0,3); For i=0 to key_msg.length() ch=key_msg(i); en_key=en_key+encode(ch); End For keyarray []=en_key.toByteArray(); key=0; For i=0 to keyarray.length() In the event that keyarray[i] == 1, at that point key++; End IF End For In the event that key key=5; End IF For i=0,j=0 to I hidden_msg=hidden_msg+covertext.substring(i,i+k)+encode_msg(j); i=i+k+1; j++; End For return hidden_msg; End Procedure 3.2. Pseudo code for message retrive Method CASE_steno_unhide(String hidden_msg) begain key_msg=hidden_msg.substring(0,3); For i=0 to key_msg.length() ch=key_msg(i); en_key=en_key+encode(ch); End For keyarray []=en_key.toByteArray(); key=0; For i=0 to keyarra

Identify the cohort group Essay

I have a place with the Cohort bunch called the Boomers. I am a caring mother of two children, who needs to see and wishes my youngsters to move on from school. I am a full time understudy, yet additionally a full time worker for an educational system. I am a genuine persevering understudy who needs to complete school in the following three years, regardless of whether trying sincerely as a representative just gains me somewhat more cash, scarcely enough for my family’s living. I do esteem wellbeing without a doubt and wishes to have a significant serenity. With regards to working, I never squander a moment and I make sure that I am consistently on schedule. Welcome my colleagues is an absolute necessity for me and having an individual enthusiasm for their government assistance is additionally significant for me. This presumably has something to do with my impulse or sentiments as a mother. My family fortifies me to work more earnestly and gives me the eagerness with regards to comprehension and helping other people. I am a diligent employee that I generally have the solidarity to carry out my responsibilities as a worker and as an understudy, regardless of whether I simply wrapped up all the family unit tasks. My great and solid instructive foundation fortifies me to be trustworthy. You can generally depend on me at whatever point you have issues or stresses, regardless of whether it might be about work, family, training or other individual issues. I am straightforward and dependable with regards to issues and connections that a great deal of my colleagues and individual understudies trust in me easily. I wish to be effective not just as a mother, an understudy or a laborer yet a person in general. I expect my work esteems to fuse more adjust with regards to my work and individual life, however offering need to my family more would likewise be conceivable and worthy for me later on. I additionally expect my work esteems to be adaptable and be upgraded further to turn out to be any snag that I may experience in the following five or ten years. Reference: Miller, G. (1998). Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration. New York, USA: Marcel Dekker Incorporated.

Application feedback for those who werent admitted to the Fall 2016 term COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Application feedback for those who werent admitted to the Fall 2016 term COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Decisions have been released for the two-year programs, and many of you received the letter you were patiently hoping  to read for several weeks. However, not everyone got the news they wanted when they checked their email last week. For those who wanted to know where their application took a wrong turn, the Admissions Office cannot answer that question for every applicant we turned down. I wish we could, but we  simply do not have the resources to go through every application, re-review them and offer individualized feedback. Instead, Im going to share some information from our website, entitled Requesting Feedback. But before you read it, go back to your Status Page, scroll down to the bottom,  and download the PDF proof of your application. Take another look at it, and try to review it objectively. Then, read the text below  because it  outlines the application criteria we used to evaluate  your application for admission. If youre honest with yourself and your application materials, youll be able to spot the shortfalls in your application easily. Ultimately, its my hope youll be able to use the information below to strengthen your application for next year and re-apply to the program. (In fact, I encourage it, as  its not unheard of for a re-applicant to receive admission after theyve taken a couple of years to strengthen their qualifications.) Academic Background The Admissions Committee looks for a strong undergraduate academic record, especially in the areas relevant to the core curriculum, such as political science and/or economics.   They look for strong grades (in the American grading system, a grade of A or B) in courses that demonstrate writing skills and quantitative skills. Quantitative Background The committee looks for evidence of the candidates ability to handle quantitative coursework since the degrees core requirements include economics and statistics. If you do not have a strong background in this area you might want to consider taking additional economics or statistics coursework before you reapply. You may take these courses at any university, college, or community college that is convenient, and please take them soon enough, so that you can include a transcript with your future application. Career Goals Your essay should provide us with sufficient information about your professional objectives and their connection to the programs offered at the School of International and Public Affairs. While we understand that not every student has come to a clear decision about his or her future plans, your application will be improved if we have some understanding of your career goals. If your essay does not clearly describe your intended career plans, we suggest rewriting your essay to provide more information about your professional ambitions and why you have chosen this professionally-oriented policy program rather than another type of graduate school to pursue those goals. It is also important that your essay explains how your prior professional and volunteer experiences have contributed to your career plans. You should explain clearly what role you played in the organizations where you have worked or volunteered in the past, what skills you developed, and how they have prepared you for a ca reer in your chosen specialization within International Affairs. Please note that “International Affairs” is not a specific enough designation for your career goals. It is an umbrella term for a great variety of specific careers. Professional Experience The Committee looks for professional level, relevant work or volunteer experience in your fields of interest. The average SIPA student has 3-5 years of post-undergraduate relevant work or volunteer experience. But this does not imply that all students fall within the same range. Accepted applicants ranged from students straight from undergraduate institutions to professionals with 30 years of experience. Students admitted directly from undergraduate study usually have summer work, internships, or volunteer work that is directly related to their career choices. Generally, the shorter the duration of work experience, the more directly it must be related to the applicant’s chosen field of interest. If you feel that the lack of professional experience is a weakness for you, you may want to gain more experience before you reapply or see the above category for suggestions on how to rewrite your essay to explain how your prior professional and volunteer experiences have contributed to you r career plans. TOEFL International students whose first language is not English and whose bachelor’s degree was not earned at an institution where English is the primary language of instruction;  must demonstrate proficiency in English with a TOEFL score of at least 100 (or IELTS score of at least a 7).   If your score is below this minimum, there is concern that you may have difficulty understanding lectures and preparing written assignments.   You may want to consider intensive English training before you retake the TOEFL (IELTS) and reapply.